- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that the average global temperature by 2100 will rise between:
- (a) 0.5 and 1.5 °C
- (b) 1.8 and 4.0 °C
- (c) 3.0 and 5.5 °C
- (d) 4.5 and 6.0 °C
- (e) 5.0 and 7.5 °C
- Which of the following is NOT a major greenhouse gas contributing to climate change?
- (a) Carbon dioxide
- (b) Methane
- (c) Nitrous oxide
- (d) Oxygen
- (e) Water vapor
- The term ‘albedo’ refers to:
- (a) The ability of a surface to absorb heat
- (b) The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
- (c) The reflectivity of a surface
- (d) The rate of sea level rise
- (e) The intensity of a hurricane
- The melting of Arctic tundra is a concern due to the potential release of which greenhouse gas?
- (a) Carbon dioxide
- (b) Methane
- (c) Nitrous oxide
- (d) Water vapor
- (e) Ozone
- Which of the following is NOT a direct health impact of heat waves?
- (a) Heat stroke
- (b) Dehydration
- (c) Cardiovascular stress
- (d) Respiratory infections
- (e) Heat exhaustion
- The increase in ocean temperatures is linked to:
- (a) Decreased hurricane intensity
- (b) Increased coral reef growth
- (c) Increased hurricane intensity
- (d) Decreased sea level rise
- (e) Increased fish populations
- Which of the following regions are considered particularly vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change?
- (a) North America and Europe
- (b) Australia and New Zealand
- (c) China, Bangladesh, and African countries
- (d) South America and Antarctica
- (e) Russia and Greenland
- Ocean acidification, a consequence of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, poses a threat to which marine organisms?
- (a) Sharks
- (b) Whales
- (c) Dolphins
- (d) Shellfish
- (e) Jellyfish
- Climate change can impact food production through all of the following EXCEPT:
- (a) Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns
- (b) Increased soil quality
- (c) Sea level rise affecting coastal agriculture
- (d) Increased plant diseases and pests
- (e) Food spoilage due to extreme weather events
- Which of the following air pollutants may increase in concentration due to climate change?
- (a) Particulate matter
- (b) Ozone
- (c) Pollen
- (d) All of the above
- (e) None of the above
- The proliferation of which of the following pathogens is associated with climate change?
- (a) Vibrio cholerae (cholera)
- (b) Harmful algal blooms
- (c) Mosquitoes (malaria, dengue)
- (d) Rodents (plague)
- (e) All of the above
- Public health responses to climate change can be broadly categorized into:
- (a) Mitigation and adaptation
- (b) Prevention and treatment
- (c) Education and awareness
- (d) Research and development
- (e) Policy and advocacy
- Which of the following is an example of a mitigation strategy to address climate change?
- (a) Developing heat-resistant crops
- (b) Building sea walls to protect against flooding
- (c) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
- (d) Creating early warning systems for extreme weather events
- (e) Relocating communities away from vulnerable areas
- The concept of “co-benefits” in climate change interventions refers to:
- (a) The economic benefits of climate action
- (b) The political advantages of environmental policies
- (c) The additional health or environmental benefits beyond the primary goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions
- (d) The technological advancements resulting from climate research
- (e) The social justice implications of climate change policies
- Which of the following is an example of an unintended consequence of a climate change intervention?
- (a) Reduced air pollution from renewable energy sources
- (b) Increased food security from climate-smart agriculture
- (c) Deforestation for biofuel production
- (d) Improved water quality from sustainable land management
- (e) Enhanced biodiversity from ecosystem restoration
Numeric Fact-Based Questions
- The IPCC estimates that the rate of change in climate is faster than it has been in the last how many years?
- (a) 100 years
- (b) 500 years
- (c) 1,000 years
- (d) 5,000 years
- (e) 10,000 years
- A heat wave is typically defined as five or more days with temperatures exceeding the average maximum by how many degrees Celsius?
- (a) 2 °C
- (b) 3 °C
- (c) 5 °C
- (d) 7 °C
- (e) 10 °C
- The global warming potential (GWP) of a greenhouse gas is typically measured over what time horizon?
- (a) 10 years
- (b) 20 years
- (c) 50 years
- (d) 100 years
- (e) 500 years
- Approximately how many people die each year from malaria, a vector-borne disease influenced by climate?
- (a) 100,000
- (b) 500,000
- (c) 1 million
- (d) Over 500,000
- (e) Over 1 million
- The Age of Industrialization, a period of significant greenhouse gas emissions, primarily occurred during which centuries?
- (a) 14th and 15th
- (b) 15th and 16th
- (c) 17th and 18th
- (d) 19th and 20th
- (e) 20th and 21st
- According to a 2014 WHO news release, approximately how many premature deaths annually are linked to air pollution?
- (a) 3 million
- (b) 5 million
- (c) 7 million
- (d) 9 million
- (e) 11 million
- Climate change can lead to the salinization of freshwater sources. What is the primary cause of this salinization?
- (a) Increased rainfall
- (b) Decreased evaporation
- (c) Sea level rise
- (d) Ocean acidification
- (e) Increased agricultural runoff
- Which of the following greenhouse gases has the highest global warming potential over a 100-year time horizon?
- (a) Carbon dioxide
- (b) Methane
- (c) Nitrous oxide
- (d) Sulfur hexafluoride
- (e) Hydrofluorocarbons
- The Earth’s climate system consists of five components. Which of the following is NOT one of these components?
- (a) Atmosphere
- (b) Hydrosphere
- (c) Cryosphere
- (d) Lithosphere
- (e) Biosphere
- The concept of “radiative forcing” is used to quantify the change in energy balance of the Earth’s climate system. Which of the following has a positive radiative forcing, contributing to warming?
- (a) Increased cloud cover
- (b) Volcanic eruptions
- (c) Greenhouse gas emissions
- (d) Aerosols from industrial pollution
- (e) Deforestation