Noise Pollution & risk assessment in environmental health BCQs
- The World Health Organization (WHO) officially recognized noise pollution as a major public health concern in which year?
- (a) 1952
- (b) 1962
- (c) 1972
- (d) 1982
- (e) 1992
- Which country is recognized as a pioneer in early research and initiatives to address noise pollution?
- (a) United States
- (b) United Kingdom
- (c) Germany
- (d) Japan
- (e) France
- The term “soundscape” refers to:
- (a) The absence of all sound.
- (b) The sound of specific musical instruments.
- (c) The combination of various sounds in an environment, both natural and human-made.
- (d) The technology used to record and reproduce sounds.
- (e) The psychological impact of specific sounds on individuals.
- Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of noise pollution?
- (a) Hearing loss
- (b) Sleep disturbance
- (c) Cardiovascular problems
- (d) Improved concentration
- (e) Increased stress levels
- The normal audible frequency range in humans is:
- (a) 0 to 10,000 Hz
- (b) 10 to 15,000 Hz
- (c) 20 to 20,000 Hz
- (d) 30 to 25,000 Hz
- (e) 40 to 30,000 Hz
- Which of the following is a physiological change associated with noise pollution?
- (a) Decreased heart rate
- (b) Lowered blood pressure
- (c) Increased respiratory rate
- (d) Improved digestion
- (e) Enhanced immune function
- According to the presentation, exposure to noise levels above which threshold for 8 hours during pregnancy can cause neonatal deafness?
- (a) 50 dB
- (b) 65 dB
- (c) 75 dB
- (d) 80 dB
- (e) 90 dB
- Which of the following is NOT a recommended noise level for residential neighborhoods during the daytime?
- (a) 45 dB
- (b) 60 dB
- (c) 50 dB
- (d) 55 dB
- (e) None of the above
- What is the recommended noise level for hospitals, both day and night, according to the presentation?
- (a) 25 dB
- (b) 30 dB
- (c) 35 dB
- (d) 40 dB
- (e) 45 dB
- The process of identifying and evaluating adverse events that could occur in defined scenarios is known as:
- (a) Risk management
- (b) Hazard identification
- (c) Risk assessment
- (d) Exposure assessment
- (e) Dose-response assessment
- In environmental health risk assessment, risk assessors primarily focus on:
- (a) Economic impacts
- (b) Social impacts
- (c) Political impacts
- (d) Health impacts
- (e) Technological impacts
- The final step of the risk assessment process is:
- (a) Hazard identification
- (b) Dose-response assessment
- (c) Exposure assessment
- (d) Risk characterization
- (e) Risk management
- Which of the following is NOT a philosophy of risk management discussed in the presentation?
- (a) De Minimis Risk
- (b) Risk-Benefit Analysis
- (c) Cost-Benefit Analysis
- (d) Decision Analysis
- (e) Precautionary Principle
- The idea that some risks are so small that they are acceptable or insignificant from a societal perspective is referred to as:
- (a) Risk-Benefit Analysis
- (b) Cost-Benefit Analysis
- (c) Decision Analysis
- (d) De Minimis Risk
- (e) Precautionary Principle
- Which risk management philosophy involves comparing the financial costs of risk abatement?
- (a) Risk-Benefit Analysis
- (b) Cost-Benefit Analysis
- (c) Decision Analysis
- (d) De Minimis Risk
- (e) Precautionary Principle
- Sounds exceeding how many decibels can disrupt REM sleep?
- (a) 10 dB
- (b) 20 dB
- (c) 30 dB
- (d) 40 dB
- (e) 50 dB
- The range of perceivable speech frequencies in humans is:
- (a) 50 – 100 Hz
- (b) 100 – 300 Hz
- (c) 200 – 600 Hz
- (d) 700 – 1000 Hz
- (e) 1000 – 2000 Hz
- A sound level of 140 dB and above can cause:
(a) Auditory fatigue
(b) Hearing loss
(c) Sleep interference
(d) Annoyance
(e) Visual disturbances
19. Which sound level is associated with pain in the internal ears?
(a) 70 dB
(b) 80 dB
(c) 85 dB
(d) 90 dB
(e) 100 dB
- Exposure to which sound level can impact the central nervous system and cause memory loss?
- (a) 90 dB
- (b) 100 dB
- (c) 120 dB
- (d) 130 dB
- (e) 140 dB
- What is the maximum duration of exposure recommended for 90 dB noise levels in the workplace?
- (a) 4 hours
- (b) 6 hours
- (c) 8 hours
- (d) 10 hours
- (e) 12 hours
- The threshold for ‘De Minimis Risk’ in cancer risks is:
- (a) 1 in 10,000
- (b) 1 in 100,000
- (c) 1 in 1,000,000
- (d) 1 in 10,000,000
- (e) 1 in 100,000,000
- Which of the following decibel levels is associated with uneasiness, tension, and sleep disturbance?
(a) 60 dB
(b) 65 dB
(c) 70 dB
(d) 75 dB
(e) 80 dB
- What is the increase in hearing threshold if the working lifetime noise exposure increases from 85 to 90 dB?
(a) It stays the same
(b) It is halved
(c) It increases slightly
(d) It doubles
(e) It triples