Pancreatitis
Definition:
Inflammation of the pancreatic cells.
Types of the Pancreatitis:
Acute Pancreatitis:
Definition:
Acute inflammatory process of pancreas, degree of inflammation varies from mild edema to severe hemorrhage necrosis, often in middle aged males.
Etiology:
- Primary etiology:
- Billiary tract disease
- Alcoholism
- Other less common causes:
- Viral infection (mumps, coxsakier Virus B)
- Abscesses
- Cystic fibrosis
- Certain drugs (cortisol, diuretics, NSAIDS)
- Metabolic disorder
- Idiopathic may be
Clinical features:
- Pain
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Tenderness
- Distension
- Decreased & absent peristalsis
- Hypo-volumic shock
- Ascites
- Jaundice Investigations:
- Serum amylase, Lipase & urinary amylase level (elevated)
- Blood Glucose
- CTS
- Serum Calcium
- Complications:
- Pseudo cyst
- Abscesses
- Pleural effusion
- Atelectasis
- Pneumonia
Medical Management:
- Analgesic
- Antipyretic
- Anti-inflammatory
- IV maintains
Nursing Management
- Control of fluid & electrolyte imbalance
- NPO with NG tube to suction & reduce secretion
- Teach patient to avoid alcohol
- Bed rest
- Ringer lactate for fluid & electrolyte & bed rest & proper diet, good oral hygiene should be maintained & take measures to treat complications accordingly.
Chronic Pancreatitis
Definition:
A progressive destruction of the pancreas with fibrolite replacement of pancreatic tissue structure & calcification may also occur in the pancreas.
Etiology:
- Recurrent of acute Pancreatitis
- Types of Chronic Pancreatitis:
- Chronic Obstructive Pancreatitis due to the Billiary disease
Chronic Calcifying Pancreatitis due to the alcohol (alcohol induced Pancreatitis)
Clinical features:
- Abdominal pain
- Pancreatic fibrosis
- Burning
- Weight loss
- Constipation
- Mild jaundice
- Dark urine
- Tenderness
Investigations:
- Serum amylase, lipase & urinary amylase laser (elevated)
- Blood Glucose
- CTS
- Serum calcium
Medical Management:
- Analgesic
- Antacids
- Anticholensing drug
- H-2 receptors antagonists
- Cimetidine
- Ranitidine
- For diabetic patient insulin therapy included
Nursing Management
- Advised for low fiber diet, high carbohydrate & high protein diet
- Alcohol should be avoided totally
- Control on clinical features
- Care of the mouth
- Observe for stool and urine coloration.