Definition:
Cardiac failure is a state in which heart cannot maintain an adequate cardiac output mostly due to arrest of blood circulation to the heart. It may be acute or chronic.
Types of cardiac failure:
- Left sided heart failure
- Right sided heart failure
- Biventricular heart failure
- Forward heart failure
- Backward heart failure
- Systolic and diastolic dysfunction
Etiology:
- MI
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Arterial fibrillation
- Myocarditis
- Hypertension
- Rhythm heart disease
Clinical features:
- Apnoea
- Dysponea
- Fatigue
- Malaise
- Pain in recumbent position
- Oliguria
- Peripheral edema
- Complication:
- Uremia
- Hypokalaemia
- Thrombosis
- Embolism
- Arrhythmia
Investigations:
- ECG
- Chest cardiography
- Blood for urea
- Serum CR/ LDH test
- Urine DR
- CBC
Medical Management:
- Diuretics
- Inj: Lasix
- ACE inhibitor
- Aspirin
Nursing Management
- Check vital signs
- Physical-mental rest provided
- Bed should be elevated on head at 30 angles
- Orthoponea position should be maintained
- Stress, anxiety should be reduced
- I/O chart should be maintained
- Administer the drug as prescribed by the physician
- Restriction of the sodium
- Avoid from heavy eating & drinking
- Avoid from smoking, stress and alcohol.