Definition:

Empysema is pus within a body cavity most often the pleural cavity.

Etiology:

1. Pleural effusion
2. Pneumonia
3. Lung abscess
4. Tuberculosis
5. Fungal infection
6. After thorax surgery
7. Chest trauma

Clinical features:

1. Cough
2. Dysponea
3. Tachyponea
4. Tachycardia
5. Fever
6. Unilateral chest expansion
7. Malaise
8. Decrease appetite

Investigation:

1. X-ray chest
2. Thoracenthesis

Medical Management:

1. Antibiotics Surgical Management:
2. Thoracenthesis

Nursing Management:

1. Oxygen inhalation
2. Bed rest
3. Deep breathing exercise
4. Provide ventilated room
5. Encouraging the patient for co-operation.