1. In terms of reasoning, which of the following research is dialectic & inductive?
a. Outcome research
b. Qualitative research
c. Quantitative research
d. None of the above
2. Which of the following research utilizes statistics to make generalization?
a. Outcome research
b. Qualitative research
c. Quantitative research
d. a and b only
3. Following are the elements of qualitative research except one;
a. Reductionist
b. Holistic
c. Subjective
d. Develop theory
4. The major reason for conducting research is to:
a. Provide nursing care to the clients
b. Promote the growth of nursing profession
c. Document the cost-effectiveness of care
d. Ensure accountability for nursing practice
5. Research Does Not means to;
a. Search again
b. Examine carefully
c. Create problem
d. Method of problem solving
6. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a nursing research?
a. Development of theories, principles, and generalizations
b. Uses chaotic method of problem-solving
c. Requires full skill of writing report
d. Involves precise observation and accurate description
7. Which of the following type of research also called as a feasibility study or pilot Study?
a. Descriptive
b. Exploratory
c. Correlational
d. Explanatory
8. Which of the following is Not a part of research
a. Diligent study
b. Unsystematic inquiry
c. Refine existing knowledge
d. Validate the knowledge
9. History of nursing research began with Florence Nightingale in;
a. 1858
b. 1850
c. 1852
d. 1855
10. In 1859, Florence initial research activities which looked at the importance of leading environment in;
a. Promoting physical well being
b. Promoting social well being
c. Promoting physical and mental well being
d. All of the above
11. Nursing research priorities are ;
a. To improve nursing as profession
b. To improve patient’s illness
c. To improve patients’ outcome
d. To improve nursing practice
12. First nursing journal “ American Journal of nursing” published in;
a. 1950
b. 1960
c. 1900
d. 1920
13. American Nurses Association (ANA) initiated 5 years study of nursing functions & activities in;
a. 1950
b. 1960
c. 1900
d. 1920
14. Which of the following is Not a type of Qualitative research in nursing?
a. Phenomenological research
b. Grounded theory
c. Cross sectional research
d. Historical research
15. Which of the following is Not type of Quantitative research nursing?
a. Ethnography research
b. Descriptive research
c. Quasi experimental
d. Experimental research
16. Which of the following is focused to examine the end results of care or finding the changes in
Patient’s health status?
a. Experimental research
b. Outcome research
c. Quasi experimental research
d. Cross sectional research
17. What is the basis of the Scientific Method?
a. To test hypotheses in conditions that are conducive to its success
b. To formulate a research problem and disprove the hypothesis
c. To formulate a research problem, test the hypothesis in carefully controlled conditions that challenge the hypothesis.
d. To test hypotheses and if they are disproved, they should be abandoned completely
18. Mrs. S.K is writing her daily observations of a student and writes, without interpretation, that the student is not completing the class work and is constantly speaking out of turn. Which of the following objectives does she appear to be using?
a. Prediction
b. Description
c. Explanation
d. Exploration
19. The development of a solid foundation of reliable knowledge typically is built from which type of research?
a. Basic Research
b. Action Research
c. Evaluation Research
d. Orientation Research
20. Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?
a. Rationalism
b. Deductive Reasoning
c. Inductive Reasoning
d. Probabilistic
21. Research that is done to examine the findings of someone else using the “same variables but different people” is which of the following?
a. Exploration
b. Hypothesis
c. Replication
d. Empiricism
22. What are the five key objectives of science?
a. prediction, summary, conclusion, explanation, description
b. influence, prediction, questions, exploration, answers
c. exploration, description, explanation, prediction, influence
d. questions, answers, prediction, explanation, summary
23. ________________ is the idea that knowledge comes from experience.
a. Rationalism
b. Deductive Reasoning
c. Logic
d. Empiricism
24. In which of the following study Children deliberately infected with hepatitis?
a. Jewish C.D Hospital Study
b. Nazi medical experience.
c. Tuskegee Syphilis study
d. Willow brook Study
25. Research never occurred, but data reported is an example of?
a. Anonymity
b. Confidentiality
c. Scientific misconduct
d. Deception
26. Which of the following is NOT source of research problem?
a. Experience
b. Theories
c. Poor knowledge
d. Social issues
27. To obtain the desired data in a study, which of the following types of definition is most essential?
a. Theoretical
b. Conceptual
c. Operational
d. Dictionary
28. A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence how well children learn spelling words. In this case, the main purpose of the study was:
a. Explanation
b. Description
c. Influence
d. Prediction
29. Which of the following is/are the characteristic of a good theory or explanation?
a. It is parsimonious
b. It is testable
c. It is general enough to apply to more than one place, situation, or person
d. All of the above
30. Which “scientific method” follows these steps: 1) observation/data, 2) patterns, 3) theory?
a. Inductive
b. Deductive
c. retrospective
d. Top down
31. Which scientific method is a top-down or confirmatory approach?
a. Deductive method
b. Inductive method
c. Hypothesis method
d. Pattern method
32. Which scientific method is a bottom-up or generative approach to research?
a. Deductive method
b. Inductive method
c. Hypothesis method
d. Pattern method
33. Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?
a. Deductive method
b. Inductive method
c. Hypothesis method
d. Pattern method
34. Which scientific method often focuses on generating new hypotheses and theories?
a. Deductive method
b. Inductive method
c. Hypothesis method
d. Pattern method
35. Which of the following statements is true of a theory?
a. it most simply means “explanation”
b. it answers the “how” and “why” questions
c. it can be a well-developed explanatory system
d. all of the above
36. Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about the existence of cause-and-effect relationships?
a. Nonexperimental Research b. Experimental Research
37. Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing its findings?
a. Quantitative Research
b. Qualitative Research
c. Mixed Research
d. None of The Above
38. Which of the following best describes quantitative research?
a. the collection of non-numerical data
b. an attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses
c. research that is exploratory
d. research that attempts to generate a new theory
39. A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___.
a. A Constant
b. A Variable
c. A Cause-and-Effect Relationship
d. A Descriptive Relationship
40. The outcome that investigator is interested in understanding explaining, or predicting is described as:
a. Situational variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Independent variable
d. Extraneous variable
41. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):
a. categorical variable
b. dependent variable
c. independent variable
d. intervening variable
42. All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except:
a. It relies primarily on the collection of numerical data
b. It can produce important knowledge about cause and effect
c. It uses the deductive scientific method
d. It rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment
43. Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except:
a. It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest
b. It relies on the collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures
c. It is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world
d. It uses the inductive scientific method
44. The correlation between intelligence test scores and grades is:
a. Positive
b. Negative
c. Perfect
d. They are not correlated
45. It is essential that you evaluate the quality of internet resources because information obtained via the internet ranges from very poor to very good.
a. True
b. False
46. What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research?
a. Extraneous variables are never present
b. Positive correlation usually exists
c. A negative correlation usually exists
d. Manipulation of the independent variable
47. Research that is done to understand an event from the past is known as _____?
a. Experimental Research
b. Historical Research
c. Replication
d. Archival Research
48. ______ research occurs when the researcher manipulates the independent variable.
a. causal-comparative research
b. experimental research
c. ethnography
d. correlational research
49. Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables?
a. Age, Temperature, Income, Height
b. Grade Point Average, Anxiety Level, Reading Performance
c. Gender, Religion, Ethnic Group
d. Both a and b
50. Which correlation is the strongest?
a. +.10
b. -.95
c. +.90
d. – 1.00 (Rational “either strongest positive or strongest negative”)