DECISION MAKING

A. DEFINITION OF DECISION MAKING:

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DELEGATION

A. DEFINITION OF DELEGATION:

Delegation is defined as to give own’s power to others for decision making. Responsibility & authority is delegated to lowest level at what it can be completely discharged. It should be no cause of sub- ordinates to become over-loaded.

1. DELEGATION AUTHORITY & RESPONSIBILITY:

The leader is the responsible for failure or success of the team. At the same time each health worker is also responsible for the particular task of his/her special job. On the way of using authority is to delegate. It means to give it to others the power to make the decision.

1. ADVANTAGES OF DELEGATION:
   • To save time for others.
   • The workers on spot must be able to make decision
   • To save delayed time, long delayed decision
   • Workers enjoy their work
   • Workers become more skillful
2. DISADVANTAGES OF DELEGATION:
   • Work may not be done or less well due to lack of knowledge
   • Wrong decision may be taken by workers
   • Leader may pass all his/her work on followers.
   • If delegation is not done properly, then it is very harmful.
3. RULES FOR DELEGATION AUTHORITY & RESPONSIBILITY:
   • Classify exactly that what is delegated
   • Select the right person & make sure that he/she can do properly
   • Explain to others that I have delegated work & to whom
   • Do not interfere unless asked for
   • Give support as needed.

CONFLICTS

A. DEFINITION OF CONFLICTS:

It is a mental struggle resulting from opposite ideas is called conflict.

1. TYPES OF CONFLICTS:
   1. Intra-individual conflict
      • Frustration
      • Goal-conflict
      • Approach-approach conflict
      • Avoidance-avoidance conflict
      • Approach-avoidance conflict
   2. Inter-personal conflict
   3. Inter-group conflict
   4. Organizational conflict
2. STAGES OF CONFLICTS:

• Anticipation
• Open dispute
• Known & expressed difference
• Discussion

1. PERSONAL PROBLEM OF THE STAFF:

• Finance problem
• Child sickness problem
• Relative death problem
• Quarrel with his wife prodem
• Personal worries problem

1. HOW TO PREVENT FROM CONFLICTS:

• Frequent meeting of team members
• Allowing people to express views openly & telling the whole decide
• Sharing agreed objectives
• Distributing work freely
• Distributing work fairly having clear & detailed job description.

1. SETTING OF THE CONFLICTS:

• First, the leader should interview each person involved separates.
• Second, the leader must try to decide what is the real problem
• Third, the each person should be asked repeatly, how they stop the argument and whether willing to overcome.

When the real cause is understood & solution suggested, leader should participate the both sides for work again in fairly manner.

EVALUATION

A. DEFINITION OF EVALUATION:

It is an appraised work performance. It is a process of making judgment on the basis of assessment. Appraisal means to estimate the value (often use).

1. BASIC STEPS OF THE EVALUATION:
   • What is to be evaluated?
   • Collect the information(needed)
   • Compare your result with the objectives.
   • Judge whether and to what extra, the objective has been decided, whether continue the programme as such to change it or stop it.
2. IN SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAMME:
   • Method of training and learning
   • Individual reading
   • Small group learning in class-room
   • Learning new skills
   • Individual on job training
3. STEPS OF LEARNING SKILLS:
   • Learning skills usually begin with observation of the trainee
   • Initiates the action of the trainee
   • Skills have been acquired individual
   • Segments & the trainee must begin to practice skills as whole
   • Finally skills is practiced more or less automatically
   • It’s almost never lost.

1. GENERAL PLAN FOR THE WARD TO EVALUATE:

Generally plan of the ward facilities are:

• • Lighting
  • Ventilation
  • Artificial lighting
  • Night lighting
  • Walls & floors
  • Relative rooms
  • Cubicles
  • Call system
  • Toilet facility
  • Treatment facility
  • Waiting room
  • Emergency exit

WARD TEAM

1. DEFINITION OF WARD TEAM:

The ward team induced all members of the staff who are working in the ward under the supervision of the leader of the ward sister.

1. MEMBERS OF THE WARD TEAM:
   • Staff nurse
   • Clinical nurse (Specialist)
   • Night Staff
   • Student nurse
   • Un-trained nursing staff
   • Non-nursing staff
2. MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH TEAM:

A group of people working together to give health care of individual and families in the community is called Health team. Management is done by the all above staff.

1. RESOURCES FOR WORKING POORLY BY HEALTH TEAM:
   • Inadequate salary
   • Poor security
   • Un-interesting work
   • Lack of opportunities
   • Poor supervision
2. PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR FIRE:
   • Remove the cause, point of the fire
   • Manage the electric point
   • Ovoid aver-load on electric point
   • Use the board of no smoking
   • Check the gas points
   • Water arrangement
3. PREVENTIVE MEASURES FROM FALL ACCIDENT:
   • Use the bed side rails
   • Avoid from sloppy & slippery
   • Avoid from long heel shoe
   • Lubricant wheel of the bed
   • Usage of good light at the night time
4. PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR NOISE POLLUTION:
   • Use the silent boards
   • Keep media room separate
   • Use the soft sound shoes
   • Isolate dead body from ward
   • Use the cubicle screen system
5. SUGGESTION FOR IMPROVING WORK:
   • Good salary
   • Good security
   • Interesting ward
   • Good working conditions
   • Good behavior

Good supervision.

ART OF SPEAKING, LISTENING & WRITING

A. DEFINITION OF SPEAKING:

• The ability to express his feelings by means of verbal communication is called speaking.

1. VITAL FACTORS OF THE SPEAKING:
   • Knowing the audiences
   • Knowing the situation
   • Art of using language
   • Art of speech preparation
   • Art of delivering a speech.
2. PRINCIPLES OF THE SPEAKING:
   • Fully prepared
   • Be clear
   • Be simple
   • Be natural
3. GUIDANCE FOR AN EFFECTIVE LISTNER:
   • Give full attention
   • Capitalize on though speech
   • Show interest in speech
   • Listen with an open mind
   • Judge contents not delivery
   • Listen to the main ideas
   • Find area of interest
   • Avoid interruption
   • Resist distraction
   • Hold your excitements
   • Do not avoid difficult things
   • Avoid from fantasy
4. RULES FOR GOOD WRITING:
   • Do not write more words than required
   • Use similar words rather than fetched
   • The words with a phrase meaning that those are ill defined
   • Keep your sentence short & simple
   • Keep & make your writing interest to look out
   • Drafting should be neat & clean

TERMS RELATED TO THE LEADESRSHIP

1. ADMINISTRATION:

Act of managing or directing applied to small or large group for various activities to do work accordingly within said time required in quality and quality.

1. PROPERIETOR:

Proprietor means owner of the business

1. CO-ORDINATOR:

A person who is equal in degree or status brings different activities into proper relation with each other.

1. MOTIVATOR:

A person who stimulate the people for inner impulses, which induce a person to act in a certain way

1. POLICY:

It is an authoritative, statement, agreement designed to serve under the written guidance and quaratus. It is planned programmed of authorities for a project including budget, when to start, ends or continue.

1. OBJECTIVES:

These are aimed outcome of learning. These are discipline of activity to be done by teacher or learner.

1. GOAL:

A line is place at which a given task ends an object aim or end that are striving of all aims.

1. SCHEDULING:

Scheduling means planning in advanced for month, week or days.

1. PRINCIPLE:

Principle is fundamental truth or fact that directs the action, means selecting reason of the action.

1. BUDGDING:

It is a financial business and invisible money resources, which is not seen but felt by installment.

1. ADVISORY SKILLS:

Advisory skills, which are not in, favor of goal.

1. FEED BACK:

Feedback is returning of information through the system, either direct or indirect.

1. PLANNING:

An act of arranging or distributing into parts so that be carry out a scheme effectively by diagnosis and evaluation.

1. EDUCATION:

It is an art of sharing and acquiring new knowledge and ability to use it.

1. TEACHING:

It is a process of giving systemic information; it is instruction, training to a person about to a subject or skill.

1. DISCIPLINE:

It is strict control of enforce, obedience under the system of rules that corrects or punishes for efficiency of work power exerted on the workers by the higher authority to achieve targets.

A. DEFINITION OF HEALTH TEAM:

A group of the people working together to give health care to the individuals and families in a community is called health team.

It consists of staff as: Doctor, Nurse, Student nurse, Aya, Servant, Sweeper and Chowkidar.

B. STEPS OF HEALTH TEAM:

• Understanding the community
• Planning
• Understanding their problems
• Implementation of the plan

A. DEFINITION OF HEALTH TEAM:

A group of the people working together to give health care to the individuals and families in a community is called health team.

It consists of staff as: Doctor, Nurse, Student nurse, Aya, Servant, Sweeper & Chokidar.

B. STEPS OF HEALTH TEAM:

• Understanding the community
• Planning
• Understanding their problems
• Implementing the plan